Dengue Fever

Understanding Dengue Fever:

Symptoms, Prevention, and Treatment

What Is Dengue Fever?

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral infection that poses a significant health risk in tropical and subtropical regions.

Caused by the dengue virus (DENV), it is transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that around 390 million dengue infections occur annually,

with severe cases leading to dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, which can be fatal.

Symptoms of Dengue Fever

Dengue symptoms typically appear 4–10 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. Common signs include:

• High fever (104°F or 40°C)

• Severe headache

• Pain behind the eyes

• Muscle and joint pain (often called “breakbone fever”)

• Nausea and vomiting

• Swollen glands

• Skin rash

In severe cases, symptoms may progress to:

• Persistent vomiting

• Bleeding from gums or nose

• Blood in urine or stool

• Difficulty breathing

If these severe symptoms appear, immediate medical attention is crucial.

How Dengue Spreads

Dengue is transmitted through the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito,

which typically bites during the day.

Unlike malaria-carrying mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti thrives in urban areas

and breeds in stagnant water (e.g.,

flower pots, discarded tires, uncovered water containers).

Risk Factors for Dengue Fever

• Living or traveling to tropical regions (Southeast Asia, Latin America, Africa)

• Previous dengue infection (increases risk of severe symptoms)

• Poor mosquito control in residential areas

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis

Doctors diagnose dengue through:

• Blood tests (detecting virus or antibodies)

• Physical examination (checking symptoms)

Treatment

There is no specific antiviral treatment for dengue. Management focuses on relieving symptoms:

• Stay hydrated (oral rehydration or IV fluids in severe cases)

• Use acetaminophen (avoid aspirin/ibuprofen to prevent bleeding)

• Rest and monitor symptoms

Severe cases may require hospitalization for blood transfusion or intensive care.

Preventing Dengue Fever

1. Eliminate Mosquito Breeding Sites

• Remove stagnant water in containers

• Cover water storage tanks

• Clean gutters and drains regularly

2. Personal Protection

• Use mosquito repellent (DEET, picaridin)

• Wear long-sleeved clothing

• Install window/door screens

• Sleep under mosquito nets

3. Community Efforts

• Fogging/spraying insecticides in outbreak areas

• Public awareness campaigns on dengue prevention

4. Dengue Vaccine

The Dengvaxia vaccine is available in some countries but is recommended only for those with prior dengue exposure due to risks in first-time infections.

Global Impact of Dengue Fever

Dengue is a growing public health concern, with outbreaks increasing due to climate change, urbanization, and international travel.

Countries like Brazil, India, and the Philippines report high cases annually. Prevention remains the best strategy to combat this disease.

Conclusion

Dengue fever is a serious but preventable disease. Recognizing symptoms early,

seeking prompt treatment, and taking preventive measures can reduce infection risks.

By eliminating mosquito breeding sites and protecting yourself from bites, you can help curb dengue’s spread. Stay informed, stay safe.

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